Future advancements in nanofiber technology will be fueled primarily by improvements in electrospinning technology and process control to allow consistent production of Nanofiber mats with single-digit fiber diameters, and the potential to combine several physicals, chemical, and biological functionalities into a single fiber to make multipurpose fiber mats and smart materials a reality. The functionalities considered need to move well beyond the simple passive effects of biocidal effectiveness, superhydrophobicity by surface texturing, or simple breathable biodegradable wound dressings..